Generation (from the Latin Latin or sometimes Roman is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Although often considered a dead language, in view of the fact that it has no native, fluent speakers, Latin continues to be taught in schools and has been, and currently is, used in the process of new word production in modern languages from many generāre meaning to beget^[1]), also known as procreation Reproduction is the biological process by which new "offspring" individual organisms are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and, is the act of producing offspring In biology, offspring is the product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents. In a more generic sense, it can also refer to the act of creating something inanimate such as electrical generation The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. His basic method is still used today: electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the poles of a magnet or cryptographic Cryptography is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce code generation.

A generation can also be a stage or degree in a succession of natural descent as a grandfather, a father, and the father's son comprise three generations. A generation can refer to stages of successive improvement in the development of a technology Technology is a term referring to whatever can be said at any particular historical period, concerning the state of the art in the whole general field of practical know-how and tool use. It therefore encompasses all that can be said about arts, crafts, professions, applied sciences, and skills. By extension it can also refer to any systems or such as the internal combustion engine The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies force to a movable component of the engine, such as the, or successive iterations of products with planned obsolescence Planned obsolescence or built-in obsolescence is the process of a product becoming obsolete or non-functional after a certain period or amount of use in a way that is planned or designed by the manufacturer. Also known as "Designed to Fail". Planned obsolescence has potential benefits for a producer because the product fails and the, such as video game consoles A video game console is an interactive entertainment computer or modified computer system that produces a video display signal which can be used with a display device to display a video game. The term "video game console" is used to distinguish a machine designed for consumers to buy and use solely for playing video games from a personal or mobile phones A mobile phone is an electronic device used for full duplex two-way radio telecommunications over a cellular network of base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones, which only offer telephone service within limited range through a single base station attached to a fixed land line, for example within a home or.

In biology, the process by which populations of organisms pass on advantageous traits from generation to generation is known as evolution Evolution is the change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms through successive generations. After a population splits into smaller groups, these groups evolve independently and may eventually diversify into new species. Ultimately, life is descended from a common ancestory through a long series of these speciation events,.

Familial generation

It is important to distinguish between familial and cultural generations. A familial generation is defined as the average time between a mother's first offspring and her daughter's first offspring. The generation length is 25.2 years in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language as of 2007^[2] and 27.4 years in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[note 7] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land as of 2004^[3].

Cultural generation

Cultural generations are cohorts of people who were born in the same date range and share similar cultural experience.

The idea of a cultural generation, in the sense that it is used today gained currency in the 19th century. Prior to that the concept "generation" had generally referred to family relationships, not broader social groupings. In 1863, French lexicographer Emile Littré had defined a generation as, "all men living more or less at the same time."^[4]

However, as the 19th century wore on, several trends promoted a new idea of generations, of a society divided into different categories of people based on age. These trends were all related to the process of modernisation In the social sciences, Modernization refers to a model of a evolutionary transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society. The teleology of modernization is described in social evolutionism theories, existing as a template that has been generally followed by societies that have achieved modernity. While it may theoretically, industrialisation Industrialisation is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and, or westernisation Westernisation or Westernization , also occidentalisation or occidentalization (from the Occident, meaning the Western World; see "occident" in the dictionary), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt the Western culture in such matters as industry, technology, law, politics, economics, lifestyle, diet, language, alphabet,, which had been changing the face of Europe since the mid-eighteenth century. One was a change in mentality about time and social change. The increasing prevalence of enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment is the era in Western philosophy and intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority ideas encouraged the idea that society and life were changeable, and that civilisation could progress. This encouraged the equation of youth with social renewal and change. Political rhetoric in the 19th century often focused on the renewing power of youth influenced by movements such as Young Italy, Young Germany Young Germany was a group of German writers which existed from about 1830 to 1850. It was essentially a youth ideology (similar to those that had swept France, Ireland and originated in Italy). Its main proponents were Karl Gutzkow, Heinrich Laube, Theodor Mundt and Ludolf Wienbarg; Heinrich Heine, Ludwig Börne and Georg Büchner were also, Sturm und Drang Sturm und Drang (the conventional translation is "Storm and Stress"; a more literal translation of Drang might be "urge," "longing," or "impulse") is the name of a movement in German literature and music taking place from the late 1760s through the early 1780s, in which individual subjectivity and, in, the German Youth Movement The German Youth Movement is a collective term for educational-cultural renewal movement starting from 1896 on. It consists of numerous associations of young people focused on outdoor activities. Parts of German Scouting and the Wandervogel are among others part of it, and other romantic movements Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific. By the end of the 19th century European intellectuals were disposed toward thinking of the world in generational terms, and in terms of youth rebellion and emancipation.^[4]

Two important contributing factors to the change in mentality were the change in the economic structure of society. Because of the rapid social and economic change, young men particularly, were less beholden to their fathers and family authority than they had been. Greater social and economic mobility allowed them to flout their authority to a much greater extent than had traditionally been possible. Additionally, the skills and wisdom of fathers were often less valuable than they had been due to technological and social change.^[4] During this time, the period of time between childhood Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence. In developmental psychology, childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood , early childhood (play age), middle childhood (school age), and adolescence (post-puberty) and adulthood An adult is a human being or living organism that is of relatively mature age, typically associated with sexual maturity and the attainment of reproductive age. In human context, the term has other subordinate meanings associated to social and legal concepts, for example a legal adult is a legal concept for a person who has attained the age of, usually spent at university or in military service, was also increased for many people entering white collar The term white-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated worker who performs semi-professional office, administrative, and sales coordination tasks, as opposed to a blue-collar worker, whose job requires manual labor. "White-collar work" is an informal term, defined in contrast to "blue-collar work" jobs. This category of people was very influential in spreading the ideas of youthful renewal.^[4]

Another important factor was the break-down of traditional social and regional identifications. The spread of nationalism Nationalism involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. Often, it is the belief that an ethnic group has a right to statehood, or that citizenship in a state should be limited to one ethnic group, or that multinationality in a single state should necessarily comprise and many of the factors that created it (a national press, linguistic homogenisation, public education State schools, also known as government schools or, in the United States and Canada, public schools,[note 1] are schools mandated for or offered to all children by the government, whether national, regional, or local, provided by an institution of civil government, and paid for, in whole or in part, by taxes. This includes basic education,, suppression of local particularities) encouraged a broader sense of belonging, beyond local affiliations. People thought of themselves increasingly as part of a society, and this encouraged identification with groups beyond the local.^[4]

Auguste Comte Auguste Comte was a French philosopher, a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism. He may be regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term was the first philosopher to make a serious attempt to systematically study generations. In Cours de philosophie positive Comte suggested that social change is determined by generational change and in particular conflict between successive generations.^[5] As the members of a given generation age, their "instinct of social conservation" becomes stronger, which inevitably and necessarily brings them into conflict with the "normal attribute of youth"— innovation. Other important theorists of the 19th century were John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher and civil servant. An influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy, his conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham, although and Wilhelm Dilthey Wilhelm Dilthey was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of hermeneutics, and philosopher. He could be considered an empiricist, in contrast to the idealism prevalent in Germany at the time, but his account of what constitutes the empirical and experiential differs from British empiricism and positivism in its central.

Karl Mannheim Karl Mannheim , or Mannheim Károly in the original writing of his name, was a Jewish Hungarian-born sociologist, influential in the first half of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of classical sociology. Mannheim rates as a founder of the sociology of knowledge was a seminal figure in the study of generations. He suggested that there had been a division into two primary schools of study of generations until that time: positivists, such as Comte who measured social change in fifteen to thirty year life spans, which he argued reduced history to “a chronological table.” The other school, the “romantic-historical” was represented by Dilthey and Martin Heidegger Martin Heidegger was an influential German philosopher. His best known book, Being and Time, is considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century. Heidegger remains controversial due to his involvement with Nazism and statements of support for Adolf Hitler. This school emphasised the individual qualitative experience at the expense of social context.

Mannheim emphasised that the rapidity of social change in youth was crucial to the formation of generations, and that not every generation would come to see itself as distinct. In periods of rapid social change a generation would be much more likely to develop a cohesive character. He also believed that a number of distinct sub-generations could exist.

Jose Ortega y Gasset was another influential generational theorist of the 20th century.

Since then, generations have been defined in many different ways, by different people. Generational claims can often overlap and conflict. Often generational identification has a strongly political implication or connotation.

List of generations

Western world

There have been many conflicting attempts to enumerate the generations of the western world.^[6] There is more agreement in the earlier parts of chronology through the early part of the Baby Boomer A baby boomer is a person who was born during the demographic Post-World War II baby boom. The term "baby boomer" is sometimes used in a cultural context, and sometimes used to describe someone who was born during the post-WWII baby boom. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve broad consensus of a precise definition, even within a given generation, while from the latter part of the Boomer generation on, there are significant differences, especially between those systems partially based on population dynamics and statistics, and that based on cyclic sociological theory of Strauss and Howe. The former system is more of an attempt at locating generational boundaries based on population trends and parentage and follows a roughly 15 year generations in order for the likely parentage of one generation for those two generations junior; while the latter Strauss and Howe theory is an attempt to conform the recent population trends in contemporary United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language to perceived historical cycles of sociological changes in Anglo-American historical records, and follow a roughly 22 year generational interval. The Population Reference Bureau The Population Reference Bureau , a nonprofit organization, informs people around the world about population, health, and the environment, and seeks to help them use that information. PRB is located in Washington, DC. It was founded in 1929 by Guy Irving Burch, with support of Raymond Pearl has published the "20th Century U.S. Generations".^[7] The publication uses population and census data to define generations. It includes impacts of cultural values on generations. The following is a list of widely accepted cultural generations, sorted by region:

• The Lost Generation The "Lost Generation" is a term coined by author and poet Gertrude Stein to characterize a general motif of disillusionment of American literary notables who lived in Paris and Europe after the First World War, especially after military service in the war, specifically between the dates of 1880 and 1900. Figures identified with the ", primarily known as the Generation of 1914 in Europe,^[8] is a term originating with Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein was an American writer who spent most of her life in France, and who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. Her life was marked by two primary relationships, the first with her brother Leo Stein, from 1874–1914, and the second with her partner Alice B. Toklas, from 1907 until Stein's death in 1946 to describe those who fought in World War I World War I was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 15 million people were.

• The Greatest Generation "The Greatest Generation" is a term coined by journalist Tom Brokaw to describe the generation who grew up in the United States during the deprivation of the Great Depression, and then went on to fight in World War II, as well as those whose productivity within the war's home front made a decisive material contribution to the war effort, also known as the G.I. Generation, is the generation that includes the veterans A veteran is a person who has had long service or experience in a particular occupation or field; " A veteran of ..." . This page refers to military veterans, i.e. person who has or is serving in the armed forces, and has direct exposure to acts of military conflict, commonly known as war veterans (although not all military conflicts, or who fought in World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland ·. They were born from around 1901 to 1924, coming of age during the Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century, and is used. Journalist Tom Brokaw Thomas John "Tom" Brokaw is an American television journalist and author best known as the anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News from 1982 to 2004. He is the author of The Greatest Generation (1998), a runaway bestseller, and other books and the recipient of numerous awards and honors. He is the only person to host all three dubbed this the Greatest Generation "The Greatest Generation" is a term coined by journalist Tom Brokaw to describe the generation who grew up in the United States during the deprivation of the Great Depression, and then went on to fight in World War II, as well as those whose productivity within the war's home front made a decisive material contribution to the war effort in a book of the same name.^[9]

• The Silent Generation born 1925 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar to 1945 Year 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar), is the generation that includes those who were too young to join the service Military service, in its simplest sense, is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft . Some nations (e.g. Mexico) require a specific amount of military service from each and every one of its citizens (except for special cases such as physical or mental disorders during World War II. Many had fathers who served in World War I. Generally recognized as the children of the Great Depression, this event during their formative years had a profound impact on them.

• The Baby Boom Generation Baby Boom Generation is a term which portrays the cohorts born during the middle part of the 20th Century. The birth years of the Baby Boom Generation are the subject of controversy. Historically, everyone born during the post-World War II demographic boom in births was called part of the Baby Boom Generation. This article deals with the Baby Boom is the generation that was born following World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland ·, about 1946 up to approximately 1964, a time that was marked by an increase in birth rates.^{[citation needed]} The baby boom has been described variously as a "shockwave"^[10] and as "the pig in the python."^[11] By the sheer force of its numbers, the boomers were a demographic bulge which remodeled society as it passed through it. In general, baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values; however, many commentators have disputed the extent of that rejection, noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations. In Europe and North America boomers are widely associated with privilege, as many grew up in a time of affluence.^[10] One of the features of Boomers was that they tended to think of themselves as a special generation, very different from those that had come before them. In the 1960s, as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults, they, and those around them, created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort, and the change they were bringing about.^[12]

• Generation X Generation X, commonly abbreviated to Gen X, is the generation born after the baby boom ended, ranging from 1961 to 1981 is the generation generally defined as those born after the baby boom ended, and hence sometimes referred to as Baby Busters^[13], with earliest birth dates seen used by researchers ranging from 1961 to the latest 1981 at its greatest extent.^{[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]}

• Generation Y is also known as Generation Next, Millennials, or Echo Boomers.^[24] The earliest suggested birth dates ranging from mid to late 1970s to the latest in the early 2000s.^{[15][16][17][18][19][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]} Today, many follow William Strauss and Neil Howe's theories in defining the Millennials. They use the start year as 1982, and end years around the turn of the millennium.^[32][33]

• Generation Z, also known as Generation I or Internet Generation, and dubbed the "Digital Natives," is the following generation.^[34][35][36] The earliest birth is generally dated in the early 1990s.^{[37][38][39][40][41][42]}

Eastern world

• In China, the after-eighty generation (Chinese: 八零后世代 )(short form: 八零后) (born-after-1980 generation) (also sometimes called China's Generation Y) are those who were born between the year 1980 to 1989 in urban areas of Mainland China. These people are also called "Little Emperors" (or at least the first to be called so) because of the People's Republic of China's one-child policy. Growing up in modern China, China’s Gen Y has been characterised by its optimism for the future, newfound excitement for consumerism and entrepreneurship and acceptance of its historic role in transforming modern China into an economic superpower.
• In South Korea, generational cohorts are often defined around the democratization of the country, with various schemes suggested including names such as the "democratization generation", 386 generation^[43][44] (also called the "June 3, 1987 generation"), that witnessed the June uprising, the "April 19 generation" (that struggled against the Syngman Rhee regime in 1960), the "June 3 generation" (that struggled against the normalization treaty with Japan in 1964), the "1969 generation" (that struggled against the constitutional revision allowing three presidential terms), and the shinsedae ("new") generation.^[44][45][46]
• In India, generations tend to follow a pattern similar to the broad western model, although there are still major differences, especially in the older generations.^[47] According to one interpretation, Indian independence in 1947 marked a generational shift in India. People born in the 1930s and 1940s tended to be loyal to the new state and tended to adhere to "traditional" divisions of society. Indian "boomers", those born after independence and into the early 1960s, tended to link success to leaving India and were more suspicious of traditional societal institutions. Events such as the Indian Emergency made them more sceptical of government. Generation X saw an improvement in India's economy and they are more comfortable with diverse perspectives. Generation Y continues this pattern.

Other generations

The term generation is sometimes applied to a cultural movement, or more narrowly defined group than an entire demographic. Some examples include:

• The Beat Generation, a popular American cultural movement that most social scholars say laid the foundation of the pro-active American counterculture of the 1960s. It consisted of Americans born between the two world wars who came of age in the rise of the automobile era, and the surrounding accessibility they brought to the culturally diverse, yet geographically broad and separated nation. The Beat Generation is between the Lost Generation and the Baby Boomers.

See also

• Generationism
• Intergenerationality
• Generational accounting
• Intergenerational equity

External links

• Generations and Population
• Resources on the Generations

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ U.S. Census Bureau 2007, Facts for features: Mother's Day, retrieved November 30, 2007.
3. ^ "More women have a late pregnancy", BBC News, December 17, 2004, retrieved November 30, 2007.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Wohl, Robert (1979). The generation of 1914. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 203–209. ISBN 978-0-674-34466-2. http://books.google.com/?id=YLe3e3FDXQkC&lpg=PA1&dq=wohl%201914&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=.
5. ^ Hans Jaeger. Generations in History: Reflections on a Controversy. Translation of "Generationen in der Geschichte: Überlegungen zu einer umstrittenen Konzeption," originally published in Geschichte und Gesellschaft 3 (1977), 429-452. p 275.
6. ^ Glenn, Joshua (2008-04-17). "Final words on Generations X and Y". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/brainiac/2008/04/final_words_on.html. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
7. ^ Carlson, Elwood (2009). "20th-Century U.S. Generations". Population Reference Bureau. http://www.prb.org/pdf09/64.1generations.pdf. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
8. ^ Wohl, Robert (1979). The generation of 1914. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-34466-2. http://books.google.com/?id=YLe3e3FDXQkC&lpg=PA1&dq=wohl%201914&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=.
9. ^ Hunt, Tristram (2004-06-06). "One last time they gather, the Greatest Generation". The Observer (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/jun/06/secondworldwar. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
10. ^ ^{a b} Owram, Doug (1997). Born at the Right Time. Toronto: Univ Of Toronto Press. p. x. ISBN 0802080863.
11. ^ Jones, Landon (1980). Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation. New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan.
12. ^ Owram, Doug (1997). Born at the Right Time. Toronto: Univ Of Toronto Press. p. xi. ISBN 0802080863. http://books.google.com/?id=pKdw6Y7_lksC&lpg=PP1&dq=Owram%2C%20Doug%20%20Born%20at%20the%20Right%20Time&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q=.
13. ^ Shin, Annys. "Non-Toxic Tots". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/29/AR2008022903658_pf.html. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
14. ^ Strauss, William & Howe, Neil. Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069. Perennial, 1992 (Reprint). ISBN 0-688-11912-3 p. 324
15. ^ ^{a b} Is Your Firm Ready for the Millennials?
16. ^ ^{a b} Tovar, Molly (August/September 2007). "Getting it Right: Graduate Schools Respond to the Millenial Challenge". Communicator 40 (7): 1. http://www.cgsnet.org/portals/0/pdf/comm_2007_08.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
17. ^ ^{a b} Neuborne, Ellen (1999-02-15). "Generation Y". Business Week. http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_07/b3616001.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
18. ^ ^{a b} http://www.alliancetrends.org/demographics-population.cfm?id=34
19. ^ ^{a b} Rise of the millennials
20. ^ "How Generational Theory Can Improve Teaching: Strategies for Working with the "Millennials"" (PDF). Currents in Teaching and Learning 1 (1): 29–44. Fall 2008. http://www.worcester.edu/Currents/Archives/Volume_1_Number_1/CurrentsV1N1WilsonP29.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
21. ^ http://lifecourse.com/store/catalog/major/gens.html
22. ^ http://lifecourse.com/store/catalog/major/millennialsRising.html
23. ^ Thielfoldt, Diane; Scheef, Devon (August 2004). "Generation X and The Millennials: What you need to know about mentoring the new generations". Law Practice Today. http://www.abanet.org/lpm/lpt/articles/mgt08044.html. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
24. ^ "A portrait of "Generation Next": How young people view their lives, futures and politics". Pew Research Center. 2007-01-09. http://people-press.org/report/300/. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
25. ^ http://yawiki.org/proc/Generation+Y
26. ^ "How Generational Theory Can Improve Teaching: Strategies for Working with the "Millennials"" (PDF). Currents in Teaching and Learning 1 (1): 29–44. Fall 2008. http://www.worcester.edu/Currents/Archives/Volume_1_Number_1/CurrentsV1N1WilsonP29.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
27. ^ "Sports Celebrity Influence on the Behavioral Intentions of Generation Y" Alan Bush, Craig Martin, Victoria Bush. JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH March 2004.
28. ^ Generation Y: They've arrived at work with a new attitude. USA Today. 11/6/2005.
29. ^ Attracting the twentysomething worker. CNNMoney.com. May 15, 2007
30. ^ Y us? Gen Y feels economic pinch. The Age. Nicola Smith. September 29, 2008
31. ^ Make Room, Cynics; MTV Wants to Do Some Good
32. ^ Howe, Neil; Strauss, William (Sept. 2000). Millennials Rising: The Next Generation. New York: Vintage. pp. 3–120. ISBN 978-0-375-70719-3.
33. ^ http://www.lifecourse.com/assets/files/yes_we_can.pdf
34. ^ Leonard, Bill (January 2000). "After Generations X and Y Comes Generation I - Internet generation - Brief Article". BNET (Orig. HR Magazine). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3495/is_1_45/ai_59283651/. Retrieved 10 Feb 2010.
35. ^ Microsoft (28 October 1999). "The Challenge and Promise of "Generation I"". Press release. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/1999/10-28geni.mspx. Retrieved 10 Feb 2010.
36. ^ Gardner, John William; Bryn Holmes (2006). E-Learning: Concepts and Practice. London: Sage Publications Ltd. pp. 61. ISBN 1-4129-1111-7.
37. ^ Posnick-Goodwin, Sherry (February 2010). "Meet generation Z". California Teachers Association. http://www.cta.org/Professional-Development/Publications/Educator-Feb-10/Meet-Generation-Z.aspx. Retrieved 2010-15-06.
38. ^ Schmidt, Lucinda; Hawkins, Peter (2008-18-07). "Gen Z: digital natives". essentialbaby.com.au. http://www.essentialbaby.com.au/toddler/gen-z-digital-natives-20080716-3g5p.html?page=-1. Retrieved 2010-15-06.
39. ^ Mitchell, David (2008-16-08). "Generation Z-striking the balance". National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18704218. Retrieved 2010-15-06.
40. ^ Schmidt, Lucinda; Hawkins, Peter (July 15, 2008). "Children of the tech revolution". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/parenting/children-of-the-tech-revolution/2008/07/15/1215887601694.html. ,
41. ^ Tapscott, Don (2008). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. McGraw-Hill. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9780071508636.
42. ^ Walliker, Annalise (25 February 2008). "Generation Z comes of age". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,23269842-662,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
43. ^ http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/04/180_18529.html
44. ^ ^{a b} http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/shinsedae-conservative-attitudes-of-a-new-generation-in-south-korea-and-the-impact-on-the-korean-presidential-election/
45. ^ http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/NEWKHSITE/data/html_dir/2009/08/26/200908260078.asp
46. ^ www.ekoreajournal.net/upload/pdf/PDF4033M
47. ^ Generational Differences Between India and the U.S.

• William Strauss and Neil Howe (1991) Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584-2069, ISBN 0-688-11912-3

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